A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

Which of the following factors differentiates Chaney et al's study from Bandura et al's study?

1. Both used a matched pairs design

2. Chaney et al conducted a field experiment

3. Both studies utilized random sampling

4. The inclusion of a control group

The correct answer is: Chaney et al conducted a field experiment

Chaney et al.'s study is differentiated from Bandura et al.'s study primarily because it was conducted as a field experiment. This means that the researchers observed participants in their natural environment, which in the case of Chaney et al. involved children's use of an inhaler for asthma management in their everyday life. The field experiment approach allows for a more naturalistic observation of behavior, which can enhance the ecological validity of the findings. In contrast, Bandura et al.'s study was a lab experiment, which typically takes place in a controlled environment, allowing for tighter control of variables but potentially limiting the generalizability of the results to real-life situations. Therefore, the setting and methodology used in these studies are a key differentiating factor, making the identification of Chaney et al.’s research as a field experiment significant in understanding the context and implications of both studies.