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What was a noted effect of television exposure in Johnson and Young's background research?

  1. Increased creativity in children

  2. Children are less likely to watch TV at home

  3. Many children under one year old have watched TV

  4. Less frequent television ownership among young children

The correct answer is: Many children under one year old have watched TV

The noted effect of television exposure in Johnson and Young's background research highlights that many children under one year old have watched TV. This finding indicates the early age at which children are exposed to television and underscores the prevalence of screen time in the lives of very young children. The study raises important considerations regarding media consumption and its potential impact on child development, such as the way television content might influence behavior, language acquisition, and social skills among infants and toddlers. This early exposure can shape their understanding of the world as they grow, making it a significant aspect of research in developmental psychology. The other potential answers do not align with the findings presented in Johnson and Young's research, focusing instead on effects that either lack evidence or contradict trends observed in the studied population.