A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What was a major difference in research design between Baron-Cohen et al and Freud's work?

1. Freud used a quasi-experiment.

2. Baron-Cohen used a case study.

3. Freud utilized a qualitative method while Baron-Cohen used a quantitative method.

4. Baron-Cohen focused on young children, Freud on adults.

The correct answer is: Freud utilized a qualitative method while Baron-Cohen used a quantitative method.

The distinction in research design between the work of Baron-Cohen and Freud is particularly significant when considering their methodologies. Baron-Cohen's studies primarily employed quantitative methods, which involve the collection of numerical data that can be analyzed statistically. This approach allowed for clear comparisons and generalizations about the characteristics of autism and theory of mind, making the findings more objective and replicable. In contrast, Freud's research often utilized qualitative methods, focusing on detailed, narrative accounts and subjective interpretations of individual experiences. His approach leaned toward in-depth analysis of a single individual's case (such as those seen in his psychoanalytic case studies), making his findings less generalizable due to their reliance on personal narratives and the complexities of psychoanalytic interpretation. This methodological divergence highlights how Baron-Cohen’s quantitative approach aimed to produce findings that could be measured and widely applied, while Freud’s qualitative approach sought to explore the depth of human behavior and the intricacies of the unconscious through detailed case analysis.