A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What type of experimental design was used in Bandura et al (1961)?

1. Matched pairs

2. Independent groups

3. Repeated measures

4. Cross-sectional

The correct answer is: Matched pairs

In Bandura et al. (1961), the experimental design utilized was independent groups. This design involves different participants being assigned to different conditions of the experiment, meaning that one group would observe aggressive behavior while another would observe non-aggressive behavior, and neither group would experience the conditions of the other. This method allows researchers to minimize the effects of practice or fatigue that might occur if the same group experienced all conditions, which is a potential concern in a matched pairs or repeated measures design. By using independent groups, Bandura ensured that the behavior observed in the children was a direct response to the type of model they were exposed to, without the confounding influence of prior exposure to different types of aggression displays. In summary, the independent groups design provides a clear framework for interpreting the effects of the variables manipulated in the study while avoiding potential biases that could arise from participants repeating or being exposed to multiple conditions.