A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What is the term for the state when a child can integrate new information effectively within existing schemas?

1. Disequilibrium

2. Equilibrium

3. Assimilation

4. Adaptation

The correct answer is: Equilibrium

The term that describes the state when a child can integrate new information effectively within existing schemas is equilibrium. This concept comes from the work of Jean Piaget, who proposed that cognitive development involves the child striving for a balance between the processes of assimilation and accommodation. In equilibrium, a child's existing schemas are able to incorporate new experiences and information without the need for significant changes. This indicates that the child has reached a stage of cognitive stability where they can understand their environment effectively. When they encounter new information that fits neatly into their existing frameworks (schemas), they maintain a sense of balance between what they already know and what they are learning. In contrast, disequilibrium occurs when new information cannot be easily assimilated into existing schemas, leading to confusion or cognitive conflict. Assimilation refers specifically to the process of integrating new experiences into current schemas, while adaptation encompasses both assimilation and accommodation processes. Thus, equilibrium is the desired state that reflects a child's successful integration of new learning within their cognitive structures.