A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What is the primary goal of an observational study?

1. To manipulate variables to see their effect

2. To gather data while influencing the participants

3. To observe individuals without affecting their responses

4. To collect subjective thoughts and feelings

The correct answer is: To observe individuals without affecting their responses

The primary goal of an observational study is to observe individuals without affecting their responses. This type of research design allows psychologists to gather data on behaviors, interactions, or phenomena in natural settings without intervention. By not manipulating variables, researchers can better understand how subjects behave in real-life circumstances, providing valuable insights into natural behaviors and social dynamics. In observational studies, the focus is on recording what naturally occurs, which helps avoid bias that can result from experimenter influence or manipulation. This method is particularly useful in exploratory research where the aim is to generate hypotheses rather than test them. The other options involve manipulation or influence, which are not characteristics of observational studies. For example, manipulating variables is more typical of experimental studies that seek to identify cause-and-effect relationships. Influencing participants also contradicts the goal of ensuring natural behavior, as does the collection of purely subjective thoughts and feelings, which may not directly reflect observable behaviors.