A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What does Lorenz's study of geese suggest about attachment?

1. It is learned through experience

2. It is developed only in domestic settings

3. It is innate and programmed genetically

4. It is primarily based on feeding

The correct answer is: It is innate and programmed genetically

Lorenz's study of geese provides compelling evidence that attachment is innate and genetically programmed. His research involved observing the process of imprinting, where goslings followed and bonded with the first moving object they encountered shortly after hatching, which was often Lorenz himself. This behavior suggested that attachment occurs naturally and instinctively as a pre-programmed response. Imprinting, as demonstrated in Lorenz's work, occurs within a critical period shortly after birth, emphasizing that this form of attachment does not rely on learning or experience. Rather, it highlights a biological imperative for survival, as the young birds learn to recognize their caregiver for protection and guidance. The innate nature of this attachment mechanism contrasts with other perspectives that suggest attachment is solely a learned behavior or dependent on specific environments. Thus, Lorenz's findings underscore a key understanding in developmental psychology about the instinctual basis of attachment in certain species.