A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

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What did Raine et al. ensure about the participants prior to the PET scan?

All were on medication
None had taken any medication for at least two weeks
All had a history of mental illness
None were familiar with the CPT

The correct answer is: None had taken any medication for at least two weeks

Raine et al. aimed to control the confounding variables that could affect the results of their study, particularly concerning the brain activity observed through PET scans. By ensuring that none of the participants had taken any medication for at least two weeks prior to the PET scan, they effectively minimized the potential impact of pharmacological substances on brain function. Medications can alter neural activity, which could compromise the validity of the findings related to the participants' underlying brain functioning and behavior in the context of the study being investigated. Therefore, this detail in their methodology was crucial for establishing more reliable and valid results that could be attributed to the variables of interest rather than extraneous influences.