A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What cognitive function is associated with the development of the prefrontal cortex?

1. Memory retention

2. High-level reasoning and decision making

3. Visual spatial awareness

4. Emotional regulation

The correct answer is: High-level reasoning and decision making

The development of the prefrontal cortex is closely associated with high-level reasoning and decision-making. This region of the brain is vital for executive functions, which include planning, problem-solving, and the ability to analyze complex situations. As individuals mature, especially during adolescence and early adulthood, the prefrontal cortex undergoes significant development, enhancing their capacity for rational thought and judgment. This is why high-level reasoning and decision-making are primarily attributed to the functions of the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, memory retention is generally more reliant on areas like the hippocampus, while visual spatial awareness involves the parietal lobes. Emotional regulation does involve some parts of the prefrontal cortex but is also significantly influenced by structures such as the amygdala. Therefore, the integral role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive functions points to its primary association with high-level reasoning and decision-making.