A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

In the context of psychological research, what does ‘natural/quasi’ refer to?

1. Research conducted in controlled laboratory settings

2. Research based on full participant control

3. Research conducted in real-world settings without manipulation

4. Research focusing solely on self-reported data

The correct answer is: Research conducted in real-world settings without manipulation

The term ‘natural/quasi’ in psychological research refers to studies conducted in real-world settings without manipulation of variables. This means that researchers observe and collect data on behaviors or phenomena as they occur naturally, rather than creating a controlled environment where variables are manipulated, such as in experimental settings. This approach allows for greater ecological validity, as the findings may be more applicable to real-life situations. Researchers may utilize pre-existing groups or events for these studies, which is characteristic of quasi-experimental designs that lack random assignment but still examine relationships between variables in a natural context. The other options describe different types of research methodologies that do not align with the principles of natural or quasi-research. For example, controlled laboratory settings and full participant control imply a high level of manipulation and control over the variables, which is contrary to the essence of natural/quasi designs. Similarly, focusing solely on self-reported data does not inherently pertain to the naturalistic observation aspect, as it could be part of any research method used regardless of the setting.