A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

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How many types of intelligence did Gardner propose?

The correct answer is: 8

Howard Gardner proposed a theory of multiple intelligences which initially identified eight distinct types of intelligence. These intelligences encompass a broad range of human capabilities. Gardner's model includes linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences. This approach broadened the understanding of intelligence beyond traditional views focused largely on cognitive abilities measured by standardized tests. By outlining these types, Gardner emphasized that individuals have varied talents and strengths, which can be cultivated in different ways. His work encourages educational practices that cater to diverse learning styles and intelligences, ultimately fostering a more inclusive approach to education. The options that suggest a number lower than eight may overlook the full range of human capabilities that Gardner identified, while those proposing a number higher than eight do not align with his original framework.