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How long did the Casey et al (2011) study span in terms of research duration?

  1. 10 years

  2. 20 years

  3. 30 years

  4. 40 years

The correct answer is: 40 years

The Casey et al. (2011) study extended over a significant duration of 40 years. This extensive timeframe allowed the researchers to track the lives of individuals who had participated in earlier studies of self-control as children. By revisiting the same participants decades later, the study aimed to understand the long-term effects of self-control on various life outcomes, including academic achievements, career success, and overall psychological well-being. The longitudinal aspect of the research is crucial, as it provides insights into how early self-control may predict future behavior, emphasizing the importance of studying psychological traits over substantial periods to fully understand their impact. This long span enables a comprehensive analysis of developmental trajectories and the stability or change of these traits across a lifespan.