A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

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How does face validity assess a test?

By its correlation with actual outcomes
Based on how well it resembles real-life situations
Through its appearance and perceived measurement capabilities
By comparing it with empirical data from past results

The correct answer is: Through its appearance and perceived measurement capabilities

Face validity is evaluated by examining the test's appearance and perceived measurement capabilities. This means that a test with high face validity appears to measure what it is intended to measure, based on superficial assessment. It looks valid to the test takers or stakeholders, even if it has not been rigorously tested against actual outcomes or empirical data. For example, a questionnaire designed to assess anxiety that includes questions about feelings of nervousness and worry is likely to be seen as valid by users because it seems relevant to the concept of anxiety. Therefore, face validity is about the subjective impression of the test's appropriateness for measuring certain constructs. This understanding differentiates it from other forms of validity. While correlation with actual outcomes and empirical data focus on objective measurement and statistical analysis, face validity relies on initial perceptions rather than deeper statistical scrutiny.