A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

How does Baron-Cohen et al's research differ in participant demographics compared to Freud's?

1. Freud's sample is mixed; Baron-Cohen's is single-gender.

2. Freud used children; Baron-Cohen used adults.

3. Freud studied only one child; Baron-Cohen had a diverse sample.

4. Freud's sample had females only; Baron-Cohen included males.

The correct answer is: Freud studied only one child; Baron-Cohen had a diverse sample.

The correct answer highlights a key distinction in the participant demographics used in the research conducted by Baron-Cohen et al. versus that of Freud. In Baron-Cohen's studies, particularly those examining theory of mind in individuals with autism, the sample consisted of a larger and more diverse group, including various ages and genders across different conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders. This diversity allows for a more generalizable understanding of the phenomena being studied. In contrast, Freud’s research often focused on specific case studies, most famously the study of Little Hans, which involved a single child and was heavily influenced by Freud's psychoanalytic perspective. This limited sample reduces ecological validity and makes it harder to draw broad conclusions about child development compared to the variety found in Baron-Cohen's studies. This difference in sample scope and diversity is significant, showcasing how Baron-Cohen's research approach provided a more comprehensive view of the psychological constructs being investigated, particularly those related to social cognition and autism.