A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

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How does Barkley-Levenson and Galvan's research relate to the concepts of reductionism or holism?

It solely supports a holistic viewpoint.
It is entirely reductionist in its approach.
It represents a mix of both reductionism and holism.
It negates any influence of brain development on behavior.

The correct answer is: It represents a mix of both reductionism and holism.

Barkley-Levenson and Galvan's research showcases a blend of both reductionism and holism by illustrating how different levels of analysis interact, particularly focusing on the relationship between brain development and behavior. Their studies examine the neurological underpinnings of decision-making processes, highlighting how certain brain regions are activated during tasks, which suggests a reductionist perspective by isolating specific biological factors influencing behavior. However, their findings also emphasize the importance of social and emotional contexts, indicating a holistic viewpoint where individual experiences and developmental stages contribute to behavioral outcomes. Consequently, their approach integrates both perspectives, acknowledging that understanding behavior requires consideration of biological mechanisms while also recognizing the role of broader psychological and environmental influences. This comprehensive view aligns with the idea that neither reductionism nor holism alone can fully explain complex human behaviors, thus representing a nuanced understanding that incorporates elements of both.