A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What was one of the identified causes of autism according to Baron-Cohen et al.?

1. Central nervous system dysfunction

2. Heightened empathy

3. Higher levels of fetal testosterone

4. Environmental toxins

The correct answer is: Higher levels of fetal testosterone

The identified cause of autism according to Baron-Cohen et al. relates to the concept of higher levels of fetal testosterone. Baron-Cohen's research suggests that elevated levels of testosterone in the womb may play a significant role in the development of autistic traits. This is connected to the theory that testosterone influences brain development and may contribute to characteristics often observed in individuals with autism, such as systemizing ability over empathizing ability. This idea also ties into the broader "Extreme Male Brain" theory, which posits that autism may be linked to heightened male-typical cognitive styles, including a preference for systemizing and a reduced capacity for empathizing. Hence, the connection between fetal testosterone levels and the manifestation of autistic traits supports the rationale behind why higher levels of fetal testosterone are considered a potential cause of autism.