A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What impact has Milgram's study had on professional conduct regarding obedience?

1. Obedience can be used as a defense in court

2. Encouraged questioning of authority figures

3. Led to increased penalties for disobedience

4. Reduced psychological assessments in workplaces

The correct answer is: Encouraged questioning of authority figures

Milgram's study on obedience has profoundly influenced the way we understand the dynamics between authority and individual behavior. One of the significant impacts of this study is that it encouraged a critical examination of authority figures and the often unexamined obedience that individuals display towards them. The findings illuminated how ordinary people could commit acts that contradict their personal morals when instructed by an authoritative figure, leading to a societal and professional reevaluation of the nature of authority. This critical questioning prompted individuals, including professionals and researchers, to reflect on the responsibilities that come with authority, fostering an environment where skepticism and ethical considerations in obedience are encouraged. It has particularly influenced fields such as psychology, education, and management, prompting a shift towards promoting assertiveness and ethical decision-making rather than blind obedience. In contrast, while aspects like legal defenses based on obedience or changes in penalties for disobedience might seem relevant, the primary effect of Milgram’s study is more aligned with fostering a culture that promotes questioning rather than compliance. Additionally, the idea that psychological assessments have been reduced in workplaces does not directly relate to Milgram's findings about obedience; in fact, his work has generally led to increased emphasis on psychological evaluations of authority dynamics instead.