A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

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What does the independent variable (IV) in Baron-Cohen's study refer to?

The scores on tests
The type of emotional recognition task administered
The presence of ASD, TS, or being neurotypical
The level of education among participants

The correct answer is: The presence of ASD, TS, or being neurotypical

In Baron-Cohen's study, the independent variable refers specifically to the categories of participants based on their conditions: those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), those with Tourette Syndrome (TS), and neurotypical individuals. This categorization is crucial because it allows the researchers to examine how these different groups perform on tasks related to emotional recognition. By manipulating the type of participants (the independent variable), the study aims to determine how these groups differ in their ability to recognize emotions, thus providing insight into the social cognitive abilities of individuals with ASD compared to neurotypical individuals and those with TS. The focus is on the characteristics of the participants themselves and their relationship with emotional recognition tasks, rather than on the tasks or outcome scores directly. This design helps to establish the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variables observed in the study.